E-business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 3

E-business - Essay Example It has been obviously seen that notwithstanding confronting different difficulties and moral issues related with the e-business practice of big business framework, this specific framework contributes fundamentally in hierarchical administration, which is further recognizable regarding improved administration dynamic and compelling use of the open assets. The prime aim of this report is to investigate an electronic business framework, having a critical commitment to hierarchical administration. Hypothetically, the thought of electronic business framework, additionally recognized as e-business, is viewed as a lot of inventive innovations, instruments just as frameworks that help with directing business through on the web or web (Macmillan Publishers Limited, n.d.). The utilization of web mechanism for directing business online is commonly seen as perhaps the greatest power, which has contributed in changing the 21st century business situation radically. It merits referencing that the thought of electronic business framework not just arrangements with purchasing just as selling of items through on the web yet in addition assumes an unequivocal job in serving clients universally, independent of geographic and monetary preventions and most fundamentally, working together with colleagues viably (Durbhakula and Kim, 2011). In this cutting e dge setting, wherein the whole business condition is distinguished to be evolving quickly, the origination of electronic business framework or e-business is seen to increase huge centrality in the corporate world. It is broadly grasped in different industry areas making the business procedure smoother and viable (Alter, 2002; Braithwaite, 2002). It is indispensable to specify that the thought of e-business has picked up its force in this current day setting in the midst of the advertisers because of its imaginative highlights that reach out past the conventional business capacities. In this comparative

Political Marketing Political Parties

Question: Examine about the Political Marketingfor Political Parties. Answer: Presentation Political Marketing (Baines, 2011) has become the necessary capacity of a political procedure. Heads of states, lawmakers, ideological groups, government offices utilize such advertising ways to deal with accomplish their political targets. Statistical surveying is applied to get hold of the prerequisite of the intended interest group for example the voters that they serve or plan to impact and structure their arrangements as needs be. Voter profiling empowers the making of portions and sub-sections to center while battling. System helps the age of a political brand to develop and assemble a picture which will make a remarkable brand situating in the brains of the voters. There are two parts of the political showcasing for example Outer and Internal. While outer showcasing centers around the voters, the inner promoting produces the help and inclusion of the gathering laborers. Political promoting (Baines, 2011) builds understudies employability and similarity for different occupations and openings with associations. It empowers understudies to develop mentally and comprehend the manner in which showcasing is applied in the world of politics. The understudy likewise increases a systematic and a more extensive point of view of the showcasing and legislative issues. The highlights of political showcasing (Lilleker, Lees-Marshment, 2009) are like the conventional type of advertising. It includes the concocting, planning and usage of projects to achieve the objective of expanding the collusion to the gathering, competitor or a political proclamation inside different appointive gatherings. It is the gross measure of procedures utilized by political associations to impact the voters. The market study is like that in the business field however the qualities of information fluctuate as it concerns political tendencies of the voters, open impression of the gatherings and their pioneers, casting a ballot mentality and exceptional discretionary procedure. Like their corporate partners the political pioneers impact the attitude, emotions, and convictions of the voters to get their arrangement. Source: Aguirre Garcia M.S. :Showcasing en sectores especificos Ediciones Piramide, Madrid. 2000, p.237 Despite the fact that we may get a kick out of the chance to accept that the electorate votes premise the political pronouncement (O'Shaughnessy, Henneberg, 2002) that every competitor advances to people in general at the hour of decisions however unexpectedly, our activities of deciding in favor of a specific applicant is affected by the advertising efforts of the ideological groups. The different systems utilized nowadays by the gatherings to size up the voters incorporate syndicated programs and introductions, Public Relations, entryway to entryway battling, mailers, handouts, boards and broad utilization of radio, print and correspondence. The initial phase in beginning a political advertising effort (Budge, Robertson, Hearl, 2008) is building up an account which is essentially similar to a resume of the pioneer clarifying his experience, family, culture, character, convictions and different qualities to enable the voters to comprehend whom they are casting a ballot. On the off chance that we return to the US Presidential appointment of 2008 the two competitors, to be specific Barrack Obama and John McCain had differentiating accounts. While Obama professed to be a political untouchable who guaranteed another and new methodology in getting a genuine change the nation though then again, McCain put money on his experience as a war veteran who had made penances for his nation. These stories were the premise of the further showcasing efforts of the two gatherings. It ought to be authentic (CAMPBELL, 2005) and the voters ought to have the option to identify with the equivalent and is an incredibly import perspective to begi n a political crusade. It resembles making a marking procedure and fundamentally the same as an organization or an item marking system. In this, the pioneer or the ideological group (Wattenberg, 2004) turns into a brand. An extremely natural model in the present occasions is that of Indian Prime Minister Narender Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) who has become a brand in himself for Bhartiya Janata Party. In any event, during the state decisions, his name is being elevated to battle the gathering races. In the present condition, the strategies(Smith, 2005) utilized nowadays by ideological groups is internet based life showcasing for example utilization of Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp to arrive at the majority. With the prevalence and approach of computerized showcasing, an assortment of online apparatuses are utilized to advance the competitors, increment the consciousness of issues, requesting votes and seeing sentiment on the statement of the gatherings. One of the methods utilized by gatherings to arrive at the voter base is by making a Facebook page which permits them to arrive at countless voters by welcoming them for occasions, notices, messages and imparting the perspectives on the gathering heads. Advanced media can likewise be divided (Scholvin, 2016) to spread various messages to an alternate arrangement of voters by topography, position, shading or religion. This strategy was utilized by Donald Trump in the ongoing Presidential Elections and was viewed as the explanation b ehind his prosperity. His showcasing group had altogether inquired about the necessities of voters by topography, blacks versus whites, American versus non-Americans and utilized messages to address every one of these sections. Hillary Clinton then again totally neglected to utilize this technique and despite the fact that the media felt that she would win however she bombed wretchedly at the ground level to arrive at the majority with fragmented messages. Despite the fact that the Facebook Page permits you access to an enormous no of voters adjusted to the gathering or a competitor, it doesn't permit you to grow your range to others which are successfully done using viral images and recordings of discourses shared through the advanced mediums. The ideological groups make amusing recordings, jokes, cartoons of their own and restriction pioneers to build familiarity with issues and draw in the consideration of the voters. These were utilized adequately by Trump and even by Modi (Jaffrelot, 2015) in their political races. Another significant procedure in political promoting (Lees-Marshment, 2015) is negative battling. Winning the decisions is tied in with getting more votes against your adversary which is accomplished by either taking positive about oneself or negative about your rival. It is genuinely regular to see mudslinging being finished by parties on either the convictions or even the character of the pioneers challenging the political decision. The standard negative crusade is Ads of gatherings or during rallies, the pioneers discussing rivals wrong strategies, terrible past and disappointments. While this may appear to be deceptive to do yet then again if the realities are right it uncovered the genuine image of the rivals and their gatherings which the voters may not be in any case mindful. It turns into a significant purpose behind the adjustment in the outlook as the democratic moves approach and can totally influence the feeling. In the presidential decisions, Hillary Clinton talked about Trumps affront for ladies and his antagonistic comments against them in different gatherings which were immediately gotten by the media and tabloids and turned into a subject of conversation. Negative crusade is propelled through Ads on TV and print mediums, political discussions and broad utilization of web-based social networking. In any case, the negative crusade can't prevail in detachment except if it is bolstered by positive battles of the partys convictions and history. Despite the fact that the more youthful age reacts better to online life and TV (Lange, Ward, 2004) yet at the same time an enormous populace can be reached through the old showcasing procedures of post office based mail. The Direct Mail includes broad utilization of pamphlets and leaflets which can be hand-conveyed to voters through papers embeds or dispersed in shopping centers, parks, and other home base areas or even utilization of direct mailers. Handouts are utilized as a small scale promoting instrument to arrive at a specific area of the populace inside a town or city. The flyers, billboards, accumulating, patterns and yard signs are the apparatuses which are utilized in a specific territory to impact the voters. Then again, the media stages like TV, Print, and Radio pull in mass voters and are utilized by political advertisers. It isn't unexpected to see different channels welcoming discussions from open or calling upon pioneers for a go head to head in open gatherings to discuss their statement and attempt and intrigue the voters or watchers. These devices can be utilized to win a mass exposure for the pioneer or the ideological group. Political showcasing helped Donald Trump (Lees-Marshment, Conley, Cosgrove, 2014) win the 2016 races. He formulated an Offer Package of increment employability and open security to American residents. This message was adequately made and conveyed to all fragments of American voters, who were made to understand the need of the over two missing in their lives because of the disappointments of the progressive past governments. The trademark was noisy and clear Make America Great Again. So the vital apparatus applied here was to make a need and guarantee to satisfy the equivalent through change. Then again his rivals predominantly Hillary Clinton couldn't make such need. He situated himself as an effective brand and exploited his prosperity as a representative and imparted an immediate and reliable intrigue to the voters to have faith in his capacity to reposition America as a fruitful nation. Trump utilized negative crusades and demonstrated his rivals in poor light and their powerlessn ess to make an agreeable answer for the monetary and cultural issues of America, and simultaneously, he compared himself as the sole elective who could bring the genuinely necessary change for the Americans. References Baines, P. (2011).Political marketing(1st ed.). London: SAGE. Move, I., Robertson, D., Hearl, D. (2008).Ideology, technique and gathering change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CAMPBELL, J. (2005). The basics in US presidential races: Public assessment, the economy and incumben

Official Transcripts and Test Scores COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Official Transcripts and Test Scores COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We have started to get some emails about receipt of official transcripts and test scores so let me provide a bit of guidance.   We receive some test reports electronically and others via mail.   The vast majority are sent to us as electronic files and they are downloaded into a centralized Columbia University computer system.   We then have to sync that system with our admission software.   As you know, applicants self report test scores on the admission application and these are the scores we use for the review â€" not the official reports. The process of getting official test scores into our system can take some time and we are still busy wrapping up the admission review process, managing the message board, preparing for Admitted Student Day, and responding to a flurry of emails on a variety of topics.   If you choose to enroll at SIPA we will need to confirm receipt of official test scores by June 15 so we have plenty of time.   We really do not actively start to undertake this process until after the date to pay a deposit passes (May 2nd). I will provide some updates on the process in the near future and for now, if you feel you have submitted your official test scores and/or transcripts, we would just ask for your patience while we work on integrating this information into our system. The process of submitting official transcripts is straightforward.   If you submitted official transcripts with your admission application rest assured we will be tracking them as official.   If you uploaded unofficial copies of your transcripts to our application Web site, then you will need to send official transcripts to our office by June 15th.   The address to send them to is: Columbia SIPA â€" Office of Admissions and Financial Aid 420 West 118th Street Room 408 â€" International Affairs Building New York, NY 10027 Thanks again for your patience and if you asked that your test scores be reported to SIPA they are likely loaded into our campus mainframe, waiting patiently for us to sync them with our system.

The Clinical Picture of the 78-Year-Old Patient and the Palliative Care Aspect of the Patient Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The patient was a 78 year old man who denies a history of allergies, and medications. He was brought in by the emergency medical services after he was found down and altered by a close friend. The friend noted that the patient had lost about 30 pounds since they last met (4 weeks). Patient has difficulty in remembering what he ate before the previous day. He denies having any form of pain, and reports that he has been coughing. On physical examination, the heart rate was in the 110 s and improved to 130 and then to 140 s systolic with fluid resuscitation. On further examination; the patient is noted to be cachetic, and malnourished. He was alert, oriented, awake and talking. The mucous membranes were very dry. He had tachycardia with inspiratory rales on the right upper lobe of the lung. The abdomen was non distended and non tender. His laboratory results revealed a white blood cell count 16.1 with a left shift, the sodium concentration was 128, the creatinine level was 2.0, and lactate at 5.1. His chest x ray was clear and the head CT scan of the head revealed moderate hypoattenuation of the white matter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Clinical Picture of the 78-Year-Old Patient and the Palliative Care Aspect of the Patient or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The patient has evidence of having an acute kidney injury and hyponatremia. The patient displays evidence of failure to thrive. The initial diagnosis made included altered mental status, acute kidney injury, failure to thrive, malnourishment, starvation, weight loss, history of alcohol abuse, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dehydration, and hyponatemia, The condition of the patient was determined to be critical and he was admitted into the medical intensive care unit. While in the MICU, the patient complained of increasing cough, difficulty swallowing and abdominal pain. On auscultation of the lungs, there were scattered rhonchi across the lung fields both posterior and anterior. The patient grimaced on palpation of the abdomen and had a productive cough. The bowel sounds were hyperactive and the abdominal x-ray revealed a large amount of stool within the rectosigmoid colon.

Shylock a Villain in appearance, a Victim at heart Essay

In many plays there are two types of characters, good and evil. Then there are those few who could be on either side of the fence. The character could have both good and evil aspects, creating a complex personality. In The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, there is an example of one of those characters. Shylock could be one of the most controversial characters ever created. Some people believe he is a victim, while others say he is a villain. In order to trace this idea we should know why people in the Elizabethan era hates Jews. Rodrigo Lopez was a Jew of Portuguese decent, who fled to England in 1559 where he worked as a physician. His practice grew, and in time he was appointed physician to the Queen of England. But the†¦show more content†¦He says it aside when Antonio comes to him to borrow three hundred ducats. So he hates Antonio for no reason only because he is a Christian. Moreover it may be understood further that Shylock accepts to give the money for Antonio only because he knows that he wont be able to pay it back, therefore he will sue him to satisfy himself. Another quote which shows how Shylock wants to exploit Antonio in order to humiliate him: ?Signior Antonio, many a time and oft?/you have rated me/About my moneys and my usuances:/Still have I borne it with a patient shurg,/For sufferenace is the badge of all our tribe./You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog,/And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine,/And all for use of that which is mine own. Well then, it now appears you need my help?.? (Shakespeare:I,III,106-114) This quote actually doesnt require explanation. Its very clear even to a blind man. After all what Antonio does to Shylock, he lends him the money. What a kind of man who prefers money on the expense of his dignity. Antonio insults Shylock. He calls him a dog, he spits on him and spurns him. But Shylock give him the ducats. A rational man would not even give him a penny if the other insults him in such way. When Antonio goes to Shylock to ask for money. Shylock makes a contract but it seems strange, if Antonio doesn?t repay the money on time, Shylock will get a pound of his flesh. He says: ?Go with me to aShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice: Is Shylock a Villain or a Victim? Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will try to discover is Shylock a villain or a victim, in the William Shakespeare play â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† It is difficult to say if Shylock is a complete villain or a victim, as his character is complex and ambiguous. However, it is difficult to view Shylock as anything other than a devious, bloodthirsty and heartless villain in the majority of the play. There are a few points in the story where he can be viewed as victimised, as most Jews were at that time, but ShakespeareRead MoreShylock: Villain or Victim6154 Words   |  25 PagesShylock: Victim or Villain? He is a Jewish moneylender who earns his living by charging interest on money he loans (like modern banks). He often speaks prose in the play, which marks him out as an outsider. He is persecuted by all the non-Jews he knows: He tells Antonio, suffrance is the badge of all our tribe. He is verbally abused and bullied by most characters in the play and is called cruel names including villain with a smiling cheek, cut-throat dog, bloody creditor, damned inexecrableRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Film Analysis1309 Words   |  6 Pagesover the bridge as Shylock looks on, is influential in setting the films anti-Semitic theme. This scene also reveals the volatile relationship between Shylock and Antonio. When Antonio first emerges, he is walking through a mob of Christians as they berate the Jews for their usury profession. Hes wearing a large crucifix around his neck, which serves as a compelling visual link between Antonio and the church. Antonio is being beckoned to in a friendly, welcoming tone by Shylock who then reaches hisRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare2080 Words   |  9 PagesMerchant of Venice by William Shakespeare The play revolves around one main plot and three sub-plots. The main plot centres on the question of mercy and forgiveness as seen in the relationship between Antonio, the kind Christian, and Shylock, the unrelenting Jew. The three subplots revolve around the romances of Portia and Bassanio (the most important couple in the play), of Lorenzo and Jessica, and of Gratiano and Nerissa (the least important couple of the play). AllRead MoreThe Tragedy of Shylock, a Critical essay on Shakespeares Merchant of Venice2008 Words   |  9 PagesRaymond Schmit ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½6ï ¿ ½ Shakespeare The Tragedy of Shylock I had not read the _Merchant of Venice_ before this class. All of my familiarity with the play was based on hearsay, and for some reason I got the idea in my heads that it was a tragedy. I thought that Shylock_did_ receive a pound of flesh from Antonio, but that it was just skin removed from his back. This gruesome image was what I was waiting for during my entire reading of the play. But I was pleasantly surprised toRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice- Critical Evaluation2293 Words   |  10 Pagesbeautiful heiress of Belmont. The second part deals with the bond Antonio makes with Shylock, the wealthy Jew. Antonio agrees that if the three thousand ducats he borrows are not repaid within three months he will lose a pound of flesh in order to finance Bassanio’s courtship. Bassanio eventually wins Portia but discovers that Antonio has forfeited the bond. However, disguised as a lawyer, Portia crushes Shylock in the Venetian Court when he tries to get his pound of flesh, and the Chr istians return

The Case Of Mills V. Rogers - 1458 Words

Facts of Case The case of Mills v. Rogers has a significant importance in virtue of the human, civil and constitutional rights of the patients who are hospitalized at mental institutions. Despite the fact whether the patient was there voluntarily or contrary, Rogers believed that the institutions should respect the patient’s decision when it involved antipsychotic drug treatments. Rubie Rogers was a 36-year old black woman who voluntarily institutionalized herself at the Boston State Hospital (BSH). Rogers suffered from hallucinations along with delusions and acquired a history of thought disorder such as violent behavior. Before Mills v. Rogers, a prior lawsuit was filed. It is essential to have knowledge of the previous case which was Rogers v. Okin, 738 F.2d 1. Rogers became distressed with the forced consumption of Haldol, an antipsychotic medication, causing to set herself on fire in order to be transferred to a medical hospital. On April 27, 1975, Rogers, along with six other patients who were also medicated against their will, initiated lawsuit. The lawsuit was filed against officials and staff of the May and Austin Units of the BSH. Plaintiffs were all present or were previous mental patients and were all administered with drugs forcefully. In this case, the Plaintiff prevailed. Shortly after in 1982, Mills v. Rogers was filed with the Federal District Court. Respondents brought a class action case against petitioners alleging that it is against the FederalShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Mills V. Rogers Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesThe case of Mills v. Rogers has a significant importance in virtue of the human, civil and constitutional rights of the patients who are hospitalized at mental institutions. Despite the fact whether the patient was there voluntarily or contrary, Rogers believed that the institutions should respect the patient’s decision when it involved antipsychotic drug treatments. Rubie Rogers was a 36-year old black woman who voluntarily institutionalized herself at the Boston State Hospital (BSH). Rogers sufferedRead MoreStowers vs Wolodzko1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe case of Stowers v. Wolodzko revolves around the confinement of Mrs. Stowers, a Michigan resident who lived with her husband and two children. Mrs. Stowers was confined in a private mental hospital, in accordance with a court order that was obtained by Dr. Wolodzko and Dr. Smyk. Dr. Wolodzko and Dr. Smyk were under the instruction of the plaintiff’s husband, who wanted his wife’s mental competency evaluated. In December 1963, the doctors signed a statement declaring that they found Mrs. StowersRead MoreHadley V Baxendale : The Court Of Exchequer Chamber1198 Words   |  5 PagesHadley v Baxendale Introduction In 1854 there were a case named Hadley v. Baxendale discussed by the Court of Exchequer Chamber. All the facts are very well-known. The plaintiffs (a person who brings a case against another in a court of law) possessed a mill that went down on account of a break in the crankshaft that worked the plant. Accordingly the plaintiff needed to transport the broken shaft to the first maker, Joyce Co. of Greenwich, to serve as an example for the production of another shaftRead MoreThe Transactions Between Bell Hospitality Limited3535 Words   |  15 Pagesthe contract. Here, the property passes to the buyer when the parties has intended for it to be transferred . But the intention may vary based on reference to the terms of the contract, the actions of the parties and also, the circumstances of the case. Keeping in mind of section 17, since Costbite had exactly the wanted amount, the 20 champagne bottles mentioned in the contract indisputably falls under the specific goods category. The remainder 20 bottles has been labelled for BHL as part of theRead MoreThe Power Of Declare War : Does It Mean Anything Anymore?1736 Words   |  7 Pagescreated an emergency that permitted him the extraordinary power of unilaterally suspending the writ. With Chief Justice Roger Taney sitting as judge, the Federal District Court of Maryland struck down the suspension in Ex Parte Merryman (17 F. Cas. 144 1861). Ex parte Merryman, 17 F. Cas. 144 (C.C.D. Md. 1861) (No. 9487), is a well-known and controversial U.S. federal court case which arose out of the American Civil War. John Merryman was, a Maryland Militia Lieutenant, was arrested and help forRead MoreVideo Notes On Children And Learning With Statistics, Facts And Information5393 Words   |  22 Pages ?Video 1:?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9DMiy_DVok?(Daniel, 2010) Video 2:?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0p_6G5GIeo?(Daniel, 2010) These videos were chosen as they do not have a lot of talking and have subtitles at the bottom. This allows me to read out the subtitles for students who are not able to read quickly like Heazan, but also provides visual stimulus for students like Emily who may not be able to lip read that quickly, or who may struggle to understand without visual aides.? TheyRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States2813 Words   |  12 Pagesthe burning house. Neighbors noticed that he wasn’t trying with his heart to save his kids, instead he saved his car before his own children. Evidence and the minor burns on his body have been proven he wasn’t giving his life to save his children (Mills Possley, 2004). Since capital punishment was established it has been modified into different ways of executing. The method of the death penalty was passed down to America from the European ancestors. There are many ways execution took place backRead MoreSale Of Goods Act 1979 : Inclusive And Analyse The Effectiveness And Application Of These Sections3027 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: In this assignment I will explain the implied terms under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 ss12-14 inclusive and analyse the effectiveness and application of these sections. Furthermore I will use relevant case law and academic research to support my arguments. The implied conditions which was originally introduced by Sales Of Goods Act 1893 but can now be found in Sections 12-15 of the Sales of Goods Act 1979. Contracts for Sales Of Goods are governed by the Sales of Goods Act 1979, notRead MoreTermination for Convenience Clauses in Building Construction and Infrastructure Contracts8934 Words   |  36 Pagesthat TFC had received little attention in Australian legal writing. One might go further and suggest that even though TFC are now common in government and non-government contracts in Australia, they have received little attention either in decided cases or in relevant literature. It is intended in this paper to consider some of the more significant material. 14. In the United States TFC seems to have developed originally in government war contracts as â€Å"a tool to avoid enormous procurements uponRead MoreTheory of Title: When Does Title to Real Property Transfer in the State of Arkansas6459 Words   |  26 PagesMississippi, Missouri, and Okalahoma and the frequency in which individuals change their residency between the surrounding States. The research examines the type of real estate transfer theory practiced in the State of Arkansas by reviewing relevant case laws, mortgage practices and supplementary materials dealing with contract law and collection of rents. The literature tends to suggest that Arkansas does that follow any particular lien theory and utilizes a combination of each of the three lien

Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper free essay sample

Technique is the greatest rapper of all time. Many will argue against this assertion and many will protest that he couldnt possibly be the best because theyve never even heard of him. However, the few who have heard him will agree that he has an incredibly unique voice and lyrical ability and that he touches on subjects that most rappers wont touch with a ten foot pole. Hopefully I can convince you of Immortal Techniques brilliance and convince some people to listen to his music. First of all, Immortal Technique is not a well known rapper. He sold his first scored, Revolutionary Volvo. 1 out of the trunk of his car!It is an absolutely brilliant record and contains the stunning song Dance with the Devil which will haunt you for days if you listen to it. If you look up the song on tunes, it gets nothing but Five star reviews and people rave about how when they first heard it, it blew their mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyone who has heard the song will admit that it is one of the greatest songs theyve ever heard and that the story in the song has haunted them for days after listening to it. Secondly, Immortal Technique has a very unique approach to political issues. Political hip hop has been a very rare thing since the dominant days of Public Enemy in the early sasss.Many rappers are too obsessed with material objects and boasting to be concerned about the misdeeds of the federal government and its inherently racist institutions. Immortal Technique Is a very rare and amazing artist In that he takes the bull by the horns and exposes many of the lies that the government tells us. He rhymes eloquently about the CIA and Bin Laden, about the twin towers and how they were brought down by demolition, and about the real reason why we are in Iraq and waging a war on terror. He does all of this political rapping in a way that is not preachy or boring In any way, but Is very powerful, persuasive and entertaining.Many will argue that Immortal Technique couldnt possibly be one of the greatest rappers of all time because theyve never even heard of him. They might even ask If hes so great, how come Ive never heard of him? To this objection, I point out that greatness and pop culture exposure are not synonymous or directly related. Immortal Technique was offered many major label deals but those labels wanted him to be less political, less radical, and less honest. Immortal Technique was unwilling o compromise and sell out and has remained an Independent artist without corporate sponsorship.You have to respect his artistic Integrity and his choice to produce perfect art r ather than to pursue the almighty dollar. Immortal Technique Is most certainly one of the best rappers Ive ever heard and deserves a place next to Bilge, Outpace and Jay-Z as one of the foremost lyricists of our time. Anyone who Is Inclined to disagree should listen to some of his work before coming to a contrary conclusion. He has his own unique voice and a message that can wake any listener from their mental slum of apathy and Ignorance. He should be Judged by the quality of his work, not by the number of records he has sold.In short, Immortal Technique Is a thoroughly brilliant rapper and deserves to be considered one of the greatest of all time. Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper By metallic assertion and many will protest that he couldnt possibly be the best because theyve inherently racist institutions. Immortal Technique is a very rare and amazing artist in and how they were brought down by demolition, and about the real reason why we way that is not preachy or boring in any way, but is very powerful, persuasive an d o compromise and sell out and has remained an independent artist without corporate sponsorship. You have to respect his artistic integrity and his choice to Immortal Technique is most certainly one of the best rappers Ive ever heard and deserves a place next to Biggie, Outpace and Jay-Z as one of the foremost lyricists of our time. Anyone who is inclined to disagree should listen to some of his work before can wake any listener from their mental slum of apathy and ignorance. He should short, Immortal Technique is a thoroughly brilliant rapper and deserves to be

Of The Cloth By William Trevor Essays - Grattan, The Reverend

Of The Cloth By William Trevor An Analysis of "Of the Cloth" William Trevor, "Of the Cloth," New York, New York, The New Yorker, March 09, 1999. "Of the Cloth" is a contemporary work of short fiction set in the remote Irish community of Ennismolach County during the early summer of the year, nineteen hundred and ninety seven. The greater part of the story takes place in a small, stone rectory nestled among the green valleys and pasturelands that lie below the Irish mountain slopes. The author describes solitary hillsides, peaks and valleys, and a remnant of what once was a town. He describes empty homes, tumbled into weed ridden ruins, as their former residents chose to leave, pursuing the promise of a more prosperous life in the city. The author depicts, in detail, long, winding country roads leading to the three small Protestant churches dotting the countryside, Hogan's Grocery, Bar and Petrol Pump, the only store within miles, and to the Catholic Church of the Holy Assumption, "solitary and splendid by the roadside, still seeming new, although it had been there for sixty years." The story was dominated by a single character, The Reverend Grattan Fitzmaurice, of the Ennismolach rectory. He was described as an elderly man, faithful, dutiful, and devoted to his church. He was settled in his life-long home, "out of touch with the times and what was happening in them, out of touch with two generations of change, with his own country and what it had become." He was a charitable man, providing employment, out of his own meager salary, for a disabled man, Con Tonan, who would later die. He was respected by those who new him; upright Mrs. Bradshaw who came for visits every Tuesday, Seamus Tonan, Conrad's son, and neighboring Catholic parishioners, Father MacPartlan and Curate Leahy. "Of the Cloth" concerns, mostly, the pensive reflections of an Irish Protestant reverend during a few long weeks in 1997. The reader visits the Reverend Grattan Fitzmaurice, in his home and enters in upon his personal musings and daily activities. Grattan leads a quiet life; his days are made worthwhile in his labour for the church. We enter in upon his thoughtful ruminations, broken only by Mrs. Bradshaw's occasional visits, as they met "exchanging scraps of news." The reverend frequently referred to his growing displeasure with the state of the Protestant church in Ireland and the generation that would soon inherit it. He would regard, suspiciously, the Irish Catholic Church, and look upon them as rivals to his cause. Grattan's solitude was broken, early one summer morning, as a red-haired youth arrived bearing unfortunate tidings. Grattan recognized the boy, Seamus Tonan, the son of a Catholic gardener formerly in his employment. Gratten had hired Corad, a disabled man, paying him out of his own meager salary. Seamus informed the reverend of his father's death and that the funeral would be held on Monday. Grattan was touched by the boy's thoughtfulness and offered him every possible courtesy, but Seamus declined and went quickly on his way. The next morning the reverend was visited by Mrs. Bradshaw, bearing the same news. They spoke fondly of the deceased Conrad Tonan and their admiration of the humble man. Later, following Conrad's funeral, Grattan was visited by two local Catholic priests, Fathers MacPartlan and Leahy of the Catholic Church of the Holy Assumption. Although he was courteous, he appraised them critically, ever suspicious of their motives. He feared that they had come in a spirit of disguised rivalry rather than good Christian charity and found himself shrinking away from conversation. As the afternoon wore on, the two fathers persisted in their attempts to insight a conversation with the reverend. Eventually, their words began to strike accord. As the three discussed their concerns for the future, Grattan began to recognize a mutuality of purpose. He realized that as the Irish population shrank from faith, each church struggled to keep their spark aglow. He knew now that each gift of kindness mattered, regardless of the source. The priests had come that evening to recognize his kindness to Conrad, and in his time of grief, he could now appreciate their gesture. "Of the Cloth" was a finely written piece of short fiction. It was well structured and cohesive, each piece of the story finely woven together by nearly ethereal threads of thought. The author approached his subjects truthfully, lending to each character a sincerity uncommon in contemporary American fiction. Through Grattan's concerns and reminiscence, the author affords the reader great insight into the mind of

The Bonfire of the Vanities essays

The Bonfire of the Vanities essays The book The Bonfire of the Vanities by Tom Wolfe tells the story of an affluent businessman, Sherman McCoy, and how his life enters a downward spiral after a hit and run accident. The Bonfire of the Vanities takes place in New York City in the late nineteen eighties. Sherman is a thirty-eight year old successful bond salesman for a large Wall Street firm, Pierce and Pierce. He is married to an interior decorator named Judy and they have a six-year old named Campbell, who is very precious to him. Sherman is constantly bothered by the stress of having a million dollar loan to pay off for his Park Avenue apartment and by the guilt he feels about having a mistress. Maria Ruskin is a young, southern, attractive woman who is married to an older millionaire. The Bonfire of the Vanities also tells the story of Larry Kramer, an assistant district attorney in the Bronx. His lifestyle is dramatically different from that of Sherman McCoy. Kramer lives in a small apartment with his wife and infa nt son. Kramer, like Sherman, is trapped in a loveless marriage and dreams of affairs with young, sexier women than his own wife, Rhoda. One night after picking up Maria at the airport, Sherman makes a wrong turn in his Mercedes and they end up in a very bad neighborhood in the Bronx. Two young black men approach them and Sherman gets scared and assumes that they are trying to mug him and Maria. After a struggle, Maria speeds away and Sherman thinks they may have hit one of the boys so he suggests telling the police. Maria assures him that everything will be all right so Sherman pushes the accident to the back of his mind. However, a few days later, Sherman reads about the hit and run in a tabloid called The City Light. A drunken journalist named Peter Fallow had gotten word of the story and he made it into a scandal. A Harlem leader and opportunist, Reverend Bacon, has gotten involved in story and turns the accident into a racially motivated attack. The p...

The London Economy Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The London Economy Tourism - Essay Example The success has also been attributed to the deregulation of the market and exchange controls. London remains a pre-eminent global city for doing business and attracts millions of tourists every year round, but this has come under threat not only from the economic upheavals but also from the emergence of new business and tourism hubs such as Dubai and Mumbai. London is ranked as the most popular city in the world and attracts millions of tourists every year who travel to London to see and admire the impressive monuments, exploring the vibrant and diverse culture of the inhabitants of the city or pay a visit to the historical sites in London (LDA 2009). Tourism is a key driver of the economy of London attracting 15 million visitors of overseas visitors who were staying and 11 million domestic visitors staying in the year 2008 alone. In addition, several surveys estimate that about two hundred million visits by tourists are made to London either within the capital or within the outskirt s for the numerous attractions, art exhibitions, historical sites and other tourist attractions. Tourism and related activities helped support 253, 000 employment opportunities and resulted in expenditure by visitors amounting to U. K. ? 22 billion which consisted of U.K. ? 8 billion is generated by staying overseas visitors. While much of the tourism takes place at the capital city at the inner sections, the significance is felt as a whole including the boroughs. The London’s visitor economy grew steadily in the leisure market in the period 2002 to 2007, making a quick recovery from the adverse effects of the terrorist act of September 11 characterized by a reduction in the number of staying tourists. Nevertheless, the number of visitors to London from overseas declined from 15.3 million to 14.7 million in the year 2007 while that of domestic visitor numbers rose from a figure of 10.1 million to 11.3 million. In terms of the economy, the revenue generated from tourism toward s the economy of London comprise about 10 percentages of the gross value added income of London and the projections is that the amount spent by tourists in London costs about U.K. ? 15 million per year. The statistics also show that about 13 per cent of the people who work or are employed in London are in the tourism sector alone and is predicted to rise dramatically due to the marketing strategies that have been put in place to position London as an ideal tourist destination (LDA 2009). Some of the famous tourist attractions in London include Buckingham palace that attracts about 15 million tourists per year, Green Park and St. James Park, the Victoria and Albert Museum the leading museum of its category globally, the British Museum, the Tower of London along River Thames, the Tower Bridge and the Big Ben. However, the cultural sector of London is the major contributor to its economy in terms of the income and the jobs it generates to the citizens as many tourists comprising 70% ci te it as the major reason for their visits. This is achieved from the high number of overseas visitors who flock into London to see and visit its numerous attractions and the central as well as the management of London has played a key role in the provision and support of the cultural heritage of London to ensure fair access. When viewed as a cultural metropolis, tourism contributes to the employment of about half a million

Kill 'Em Crush 'Em Eat 'Em Raw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kill 'Em Crush 'Em Eat 'Em Raw - Essay Example McMurtry (1) only talks about the injuries and deaths that result from war and football. Another similarity, in this case, is that enmity is created between the rival groups, something that takes long to heal. Finally, both war and football are characterized by leaders, who cause commotion or incite others. War and chaos in football result from incitements from ring-leaders. McMurtry (2) says that their coach used normally admonished them to un-join their opponent through language elaboration of war so that they can attack their opponents. Those who rally support for war are similar to cheerleaders of a football team. Since the two always expect a win and never a defeat, they rally their followers to ensure that they win (McMurtry 2). Fans, just like war supporters, engage in stampedes to ensure that their rivals are also punished, though physically. Those who rally support for war, just like cheerleaders, start the problem by signaling their followers to believe how bad their rivals are; reason for their need to be punished severely. These two issues occur in the society and through respect and cohesive living; it is possible to prevent them. Half time ceremonies are comparable to a lull between battles in that, they give the key players time to organize themselves well. Further more, they give them time to strategies on the best ways of ensuring maximum defeat against their opponents. On the other hand, they are used to remind those involved how crucial it is to defeat the other side. Half time ceremonies give football players time to recover lost energy, just like lulls between battles. After these two, the participants come back in full force and energized to ensure they take the lead. Therefore, after studying the tactics of the rival, they use this time to apply the best mechanism for a win against the rivals. Other parallels between war and football

Assessing and Managing Supply Chain Risks

Assessing and Managing Supply Chain Risks 1. Introduction The current trend of outsourcing to low cost countries combined with supplier base reduction has provided significant cost reductions for businesses. However, globalization and implementation of more streamlined supply chains have increased risks for companies when acquiring goods and services needed for their operations. By the term risk is meant a chance of facing undesired consequences such as damage, loss, or injury. More scientifically, risk is defined as the combined probability for an undesired event and the potential damage the event might cause. This definition, or variations of this definition, has been applied by a number of researcher investigating risk (March and Shapira, 1987; Zsidisin, 2003; Spekman and Davis, 2004; Wagner and Bode, 2006; Ritchie and Brindley, 2007). The detrimental effects does not have to be existential to the companies, but typically they cause lost sales, decreased market share and large contractual penalties for the parties affected (Zsidisin, 200 3). A very well-know example of such a detrimental effect is the $400 mill loss suffered by the Swedish cell phone manufacturer Ericsson due to a lightning bolt which struck their sub-supplier of semi-conductors (Latour, 2001). Another example is the battle against the foot-and-mouth disease in the UK agricultural industry during the year 2001. This event temporarily paralyzed the agricultural industry, while the tourism industry suffered great losses. Even luxury car manufacturers such as Volvo and Jaguar were affected since deliveries of quality leather used in various parts in the car compartment were temporarily stopped (Norrman and Jansson, 2004). A general ban on sale and export of British pigs, sheep and cattle was introduced during the outbreak. The tourism industry also suffered as many tourists changed their vacation plans due to transport bans and detergent washing of cars, boots and clothing in affected regions. Similarly, the fruit company Dole lost over $100 million dollars when a hurricane caused massive damage to the area in Central America where their banana suppliers were located (Griffy-Brown, 2003). The outbreak of SARS in Southeast Asia affected various industries such as the electronics industry, retailing, tourism, and the airline industry with losses at the national level stipulated to $38 billion just for Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand (Overby et al., 2004). The economic impact of the hurricane Katrina is stipulated to $100-125 billion. More than half of that amount is due to the flooding of New Orleans which paralyzed industry and disrupted normal living conditions in the affected areas (Boettke et al., 2007). However, the most famous of such disruptive events is probably the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2001, which caused immediate financial losses and initiated a massive restructuring of the airline industry (Bhadra and Texter, 2004). The above mentioned examples illustrate that supply chains may not be well prepared for dealing with unanticipated events causing disruption in sub-systems of supply chain networks. The traditional cost-efficiency focus of supply chain systems have led companies to eliminate buffers in the form of inventories and multiple sourcing throughout the network. However, this has also led them to remove mechanisms in the supply chain which previously moderated the effects of undesired, disruptive events in the chain. An alternative approach is to introduce more agility in the supply chain. This approach has successfully been applied as a response to the fact that more and more market places in the twenty-first century require a proliferation of products and services, shorter product life cycles and increased demand for innovation (Narasimhan, Swink and Kim, 2006). In agile supply chains, stock out penalties occur immediately in the form of lost sales and the key performance measure is no lon ger productivity or cost, but customer satisfaction. Traditional stable partnerships are substituted with more fluid clusters where partners enter and leave the network at a more rapid pace. In general, there is also a focus on operator self-management to maximize the actors autonomy (Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill, 1999). The actors higher level of autonomy in agile supply chains makes them better able to respond to changes in supplies upstream as they have no or few bindings keeping them from changing to alternative sources of supply. However, supply chain companies dealing with commodity goods rather than fashion goods can not necessarily be expected to have the same degree of freedom. Their day-to-day competition would require them to eliminate all forms of waste to remain competitive. Any cost driving measure to mediate or avoid risk such as excess production capacity, excess inventory, and increased supplier base would therefore have to be weighed against the expected costs of future unknown disruptive events. To do this, a proactive identification of potential supply and demand hazards is required at a strategic level. The point is to identify where unanticipated risk events have the biggest impact on the supply chain network, identify the type and number of risks, their associated costs, and as sess alternative counter-measures to improve the resilience of the supply chain. The intent of this conceptual paper is to establish a decision framework in order to aid the proactive identification and management of potential upstream and downstream supply and demand hazards. The framework is developed based on a broad variety of literature integrating multiple perspectives on risk from supply chain management, marketing, and organizations theory. The risk framework presented separates itself from previous efforts in its comprehensiveness, and it has been designed to match the supply chain management framework developed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Previous categorization attempts have usually only presented sub-sets of risk factors and have not paid much attention to how supply chain risks can be dealt with proactively. For instance, Zsidisin (2003) listed a number of useful supply risk characteristics and classified them into characteristics belonging to items, markets and suppliers based on the results of a case study. Item characteristics included impact on profitability and the newness of product application, while market characteristics involved global sourcing, capacity constraints, market price fluctuation, and number of qualified suppliers. Risks associated with suppliers were capacity constraints, inability to reduce costs, incompatible information systems, quality problems, cycle times, and volume and mix requirements changes. However, Zsidisins list of supply risk characteristics did not contain important risk elements such as behavioral appearance of supply chain actors and risks associated with skills and qualities of the individual supply chain organizations, nor did it pay much attention to mitigation of risk events. In addition, the network perspective of supply chain management was not evident in the sense that an event can appear several tiers away from the focal organization but still damage the organization via an unknown dependence. Spekman and Davis (2004) also discussed a typology for categorizing risks. They found that risk lies inherent in every supply chain flow of goods, information, and money and they mentioned many of the same risk characteristics as in Zsidisin (2003). In addition, criminal acts and breach of norms were included as risk elements in the supply chain. However, they did not focus much on actions to minimize or avoid the effects of undesired events. Dealing with risk was eventually reduced to the introduction of buffers or building trust. An exception is made for the management of security risks where they briefly mention the necessity of proactive planning to avoid such risks. Another example is Peck (2005) who reported from an empirical study where the sources and drivers of supply chain vulnerability were investigated. She used the knowledge achieved to develop a multi-level framework for risk analysis and did not put much emphasis on identifying individual risk characteristics and tactics to improve the supply chains resilience. However, the framework illustrated in an intuitive manner how unanticipated and undesirable events at other nodes in a network could influence and cause problems at different levels for a focal company via dependencies. Kleindorfer and Saad (2005) also attempted to provide a conceptual framework to assess risk and introduced three tasks as the foundation of risk management. These were Specifying sources of risk and vulnerabilities, Assessment, and Mitigation. The sources of risk and vulnerability were thereafter divided into operational contingencies, natural hazards, and terrorism and political instability. Kleindorfer and Saad (2005) did not elaborate in much detail on which risks to include in each of these categories, thus from a practical risk assessment point of view, the model becomes less interesting. In a similar vein, Ritchie and Brindley (2007) developed a framework to encapsulate the main strands of supply chain risk management. They distinguished between seven sources of risk, but were not specific about which risks to expect in each category and they were not very detailed in their description of risk avoidance or mediation tactics. In stead, they used their general model as a guide in an exploratory case study where the purpose was to focus on supply chain members degree of awareness of supply chain risks, and how supply chain members identified and responded to identified risks. Ring and Van De Ven (1992) developed a framework for structuring cooperative relationships between organizations based on varying degree of risk and reliance on trust. They based their paper on the assumption that the degree of risk inherent in any transaction depends in the direct proportion to decreases in time, information, and control. Examples provided were commercial risk (risk of not finding a price-performance niche in the market), technological risk (probability of bringing the technology to market), scientific risk (lack of knowledge), engineering uncertainty (will the technology work?), and corporate risk. By corporate risk they referred to the risk of wrong allocation of resources in the organization. However, these types of risk are strongly connected with internal managerial and organizational skills of the focal company, and thus cover only a small portion of the risk concept from a supply chain management perspective. Risks arising from process sharing and network inf licted risks were barely mentioned. In summary, a higher level of precision in supply chain risk assessment frameworks combined with normative guidelines for risk avoidance seems present in extant literature. This call has formally been put forth by Harland, Brenchley and Walker (2003) who provided an easy-to-follow procedure for risk assessment in supply chain networks. They concluded that more managerial guidance is required to support risk management and redesigning of supply strategies to incorporate risk strategies . An attempt to answer this call has been made in the following sections. Mapping of risks in the supply chain has been emphasized combined with a discussion of tactics for risk mitigation and risk avoidance. In essence, this covers steps two to four in the model by Harland, Brenchley and Walker (2003) (Figure 1). Guidance for mapping of the supply chain is the main goal for many of the supply chain management frameworks recently developed. Mapping of the supply chain has therefore only received limited attention in this paper, but references to some well-known supply chain frameworks are provided. Steps five and six have been left for the managers to decide as the strategy formation and implementation would be situation specific and dependent on the outcome of steps one to four. 2. Research method The framework is developed based on a literature review where multiple perspectives on risk from marketing theory, organizations theory, and supply chain management have been integrated into a composite supply chain risk framework. Relevant contributions were identified through library searches and key word searches in Proquest and ScienceDirect databases. Search words were used either alone or in combination to find contributions which could bring added insight about risk from different theoretical perspectives. Key word searches typically included words such as supply chain management, marketing, or organization theory, and words such as risk, framework, uncertainty, vulnerability, resilience, etc. A large number of research contributions were identified from this procedure and contributions were further selected based on a qualitative assessment of the title and abstract of each identified contribution. A guideline for the literature review was to find an answer to the question what do we know from theory which could be relevant for supply chain managers in their efforts to identify and reduce the level of risk in their supply chains? The emphasis on theory was decided since an exploratory empirical investigation would be descriptive of current practices which would not fit with the normative purpose of this investigation. Ex post empirical testing of the entire framework in a single study were also considered difficult to accomplish due to the amount of risk factors included. However, a varying degree of empirical validity is offered through the previous empirical testing performed by the researchers referenced. Some empirical guidance and initial face validity was also provided through discussions with the general director of a sub-supplier to the Norwegian oil and gas industry. 3. Supply chain management and risk The term supply chain management (SCM) has primarily been linked to the study of either internal supply chains integrating internal business functions, the management of two party relationships with tier one suppliers, the management of a chain of businesses or with the management of a network of interconnected businesses (Harland, 1996). Transaction cost analysis (TCA), organization theory (OT) and relational marketing (RM) literature have contributed substantially to the development of SCM research (Croom, Romano and Giannakis, 2000). However, a definition of SCM given by the members of the Global Supply Chain Forum states that Supply chain management is the integration of key business processes from end user through original suppliers that provides products, services, and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders. This distinguishes SCM from the previous mentioned theories since it is the network or chain perspective which is emphasized (Lambert, Cooper and P agh, 1998). 3.1. Mapping the supply chain In order to be able to assess risk in a focal companys supply chain, a thorough insight is required about how the supply chain is configured. A number of frameworks have been developed for the purpose of achieving such knowledge, but Lambert, GarcÃÆ'Â ­a-Dastugue and Croxton (2005) identified only five frameworks which recognized the need to implement business processes among supply chain actors. Such implementation is considered a key area where supply chain management can offer improvement to supply chain actors (Hammer, 2001). However, only two of the five frameworks provided sufficient details to be implemented in practice (Lambert, GarcÃÆ'Â ­a-Dastugue and Croxton, 2005). On the other hand, these two frameworks are both supported by major corporations which indicate a high level of face validity. The first framework is the SCOR model developed by the Supply-Chain Council (SCC, 2008). The SCOR model focuses on five different processes which should eventually be connected across firms in the supply chain. These are the plan, source, make, deliver, and return processes. The second framework was developed by the Global Supply Chain Forum in 1996 and was presented in the literature in 1997 and 1998 (Cooper, Lambert and Pagh, 1997; Lambert, Cooper and Pagh, 1998). Similar to the SCOR model, the GSCF model focuses on a set of distinct business processes to be shared among business organizations. However, a main difference between the two supply chain frameworks is their linkage to corporate strategy. While the SCOR framework emphasizes operations strategy, little reference is made to organizations corporate strategies. The GSCF framework, on the other hand, directly links with the corporate and functional strategies of the companies and thus offers a wider scope (Lambert, GarcÃÆ'Â ­a-Dastugue and Croxton, 2005). Since risk is inherent at every level of an organization, and should be considered also at the strategic level, the GSCF framework was chosen as a starting point for our development of a supply chain risk management framework. 3.2. Identify risk and its location In the GSCF framework, supply chain management consists of three inter-related elements: 1) the structure of the supply chain network, 2) the management components governing the shared supply chain processes, and 3) the different types of processes linked among supply chain actors. Who to link with, which processes to link, and what level of integration and management should be applied are considered key decisions for successful management of supply chains (Lambert, Cooper and Pagh, 1998). From a supply chain risk management perspective, these managerial questions make way for three propositions regarding risk and the focal company. The first proposition concerns the unpredictability of human nature when processes are shared with others. The second concerns the vulnerabilities created because of dependencies between multiple network actors, and the third refers to the skills and qualities of the different supply chain actors organization and management. Stated formally: P1: A focal companys exposure to supply chain risk depends on the level of human behavior unpredictability in the supply chain and the impact such unpredictability can have on the companys supply chain. P2: A focal companys exposure to risk depends on the number and strength of dependencies in its supply chain and the impact an external risk event may have on the company. P3: A focal companys exposure to risk depends on the supply chain actors skills and qualities to identify potential risks in advance and to solve risk situations once they occur. Although they address different aspects of risk to a focal company, the propositions are closely related. For instance, without the existence of network dependencies, behavioral unpredictability at another supply chain actor becomes irrelevant. Similarly, the focal company does not have to worry about the skills and qualities of other supply chain actors because there is always another alternative to select. Also, an increase in the supply chain actors skills and qualities will indirectly reduce the level of human unpredictability since it rules out some of the mistakes humans can make; however, it does not rule out the focal companys uncertainty about other supply chain actors intended strategic actions. The relationship between the propositions has been outlined as arrows in Figure 2. Each category between the arrows refers to a more precise definition of the risks mentioned in the propositions. The categories follow the naming convention in the GSCF framework, and together, they c onstitute a holistic representation of supply chain risks relevant for successful supply chain management. The formal definitions for the three types of supply chain risk in Figure 2 are provided below and explained in the subsequent sections: Supply chain processes risk refers to the perceived risk of other companies in the supply chain behaving intentionally or unintentionally in a manner which could be harmful to the company. Supply chain structure risk is closely linked with the total number and type of dependencies in the network. It is a measure for the level of significant detrimental effects an undesired and unanticipated event can have on a companys supply chain network. This event can occur externally or internally to a local market or industry and affect either a single node or a multitude of nodes simultaneously. Supply chain components risk refers to the technical, managerial and organizational abilities each supply chain actor has developed in order to embrace opportunities, detect and avoid potential supply chain disruptions, and to mediate the effects of a disruption once it has occurred. 3.3. Supply chain processes risk A focal companys exposure to supply chain risk will, according to proposition one, depend on the level of human behavior unpredictability and the impact such unpredictability can have on the companys supply chain. When companies begin to explore the competitive advantage of accessing and managing processes belonging to other companies in the chain, they therefore need to identify how the sharing of a process can change its vulnerability to unanticipated events and agree on strategic actions to reduce the processes vulnerability. The main factors to consider when processes are shared with other actors are shown in Figure 3 and explained below. In general, the sharing of processes across tiers in a network can be problematic since it simultaneously makes the focal company more vulnerable to risk. Under working market conditions, each actor is free to choose its trading partner for every transaction. A natural moderating effect on risk therefore exists since there is no dependency on other specific actors in the network. However, when companies begin to integrate processes, as prescribed by supply chain management literature, they distance themselves from the market by creating lock-in effects with selected partners due to the specificity of tangible and intangible assets deployed. From a transaction cost theory point-of-view (Williamson, 1975, 1985), specific investments in shared processes must be protected against the risk of possible opportunistic behavior from the other actor in each partnership. Opportunistic behavior refers to actors self-interest seeking with guile (Williamson, 1975) where guile means lying, stealing, cheating, and calculated efforts to mislead, distort, disguise, obfuscate, or otherwise confuse (Williamson, 1985). In practice, this type of supplier behavior would materialize in hazards like broken promises, production delays, increased costs, production shortcuts, and masking of inadequate or poor quality (Provan and Skinner, 1989; Wathne and Heide, 2000). Any uncertainty of whether the suppliers behave, or would attempt to behave, opportunistically therefore increases the impression of risk to the actor performing the risk assessment[1]. However, transaction cost theory has been criticized for its assumption of opportunistic decision makers. Critics argue that it is a too simplistic and pessimistic assumption about human behavior, and that opportunism represents the exception rather than the rule (Macneil, 1980; Granovetter, 1985; Chisholm, 1989). John (1984) also argued that undesired attitude such as hard bargaining, intense and frequent disagreements, and similar conflictual behaviors do not constitute opportunism unless an agreement has been reached of not to do so. In addition, even well-meant behavioral actions by one party may have negative effects for another party in the supply chain. The perception of risk linked with human behavior where processes are shared can therefore not be restricted to a matter of opportunism alone, but needs to include any kind of undesired human behavior whether it is opportunistic, undesirable or well-intended, but still potentially harmful. It has been suggested that behavioral uncertainty can be reduced with the introduction of formal and informal safeguards to the relationship. In a successful relationship, relational rules of conduct work to enhance the well-being of the relationship as a whole and take explicit account for the historical and social context within which an exchange takes place (Heide and John, 1992). Flexibility among the parties, solidarity, information exchange, and long-term orientation are norms typically associated with, and referred to, as relational safeguarding mechanisms in contemporary research (Ivens, 2002). The presence of these norms in a relationship has been found to improve the efficiency of relationships and to reduce parties behavioral uncertainty (Heide and John, 1992). Alternatively, ownership, or some form of contractual command-obedience authority structure can be used to protect against inherent behavioral uncertainty. Vertical integration has traditionally been prescribed by transaction cost literature as an answer to handle uncertainty in repeated transactions when there are specific investments involved (Williamson, 1975, 1985). However, Stinchcombe (1985) found that the safeguarding features of hierarchical relationships can be built into contracts as well. These features included authority systems, incentive systems, standard operating procedures, dispute resolution procedures, and non-market internal pricing. It should be noted that advanced pricing mechanisms used can include agreed risk sharing and paying an insurance premium to a third party to protect against the financial consequences of a business interruption (Li and Kouvelis, 1999; Doherty and Schlesinger, 2002). However, a prerequisite for risk transfer mitigation to work is the a bility to clearly define the type, cause and boundaries for when the agreed risk transfer applies. Also, well defined standard operating procedures are particularly important since they indirectly describe the non-conformance cases. Breaches in quality performance or EHS procedures, shipment inaccuracies, delivery times, etc. by the focal company or another party are indications of reduced control over the supply chain. Hence, an increased frequency of such incidents in other nodes in the network will lead to an impression of greater behavioral uncertainty and supply chain risk. The impression of risk when processes are shared would naturally depend on the degree of lock-in which exists between two parties. A second risk factor in supply chain processes risk therefore refers to the criticality of specific nodes in the network (Craighead et al., 2007). More precisely, critical nodes are actors in the supply chain responsible for delivery of critical components or important subsystems where the number of supplier choices is limited. However, a node can be critical even though there may be little dependence in day-to-day operations. The increased popularity of outsourcing to third parties necessarily increases other actors involvement in the companys material and information flow. But, since both information and materials represent a form of capital investment, this also means that other actors in some cases handle large parts of a companys tied-up capital either in the form of information or in the form of goods. This risk is called degree of capital seizure in the framework. For instance, it is generally not very difficult to switch from one supplier of IT-server capacity to another, but the dependence on the supplier of server capacity can prove severe if sloppy routines at the supplier destroy the electronic database stored. A similar logic applies for other actors with control over much of the companys information and material flow. Large distribution centers are one example. A typical risk event would be a fire causing damage to much of the companys goods stored; however, such an event would not be attributable to the processes shared and is therefore not a supply chain process risk. Instead, such a risk event has been characterized as external to the network and described under supply chain structure risk. However, another example would be the distribution centre not informing the focal company of a changed general staff leave. This would be a breach in the supplier relationship management process because it is a deviation from expected service leve ls in that particular period. 3.4. Supply chain structure risk The decision of who to link with in a network requires an explicit knowledge and understanding of the supply chain network configuration. According to proposition two, this includes a thorough comprehension of the risk inflicted upon the company because of dependencies established in relationship with other network actors. Therefore, the supply chain manager needs to assess how vulnerable the company is to unanticipated changes in the network and its exogenous environment. Dependencies are created with individual partners in the network and the level of dependency must therefore be assessed for each node. However, attributes of the network configuration itself may increase or reduce the impression of risk. A field risk category and a network complexity risk category have been created to reflect this duality. Field risk includes risk factors which are exogenous to the network, and not endogenously created as in supply chain process risk. Field risk is assessed for each node, but supply chain structure risk must also take the complexity of the network into consideration. For instance, geographically dense nodes within a network may represent a great risk to a company even though each actor itself may not be very important. This is similar to the Dole example mentioned in the introduction where a hurricane destroyed the banana harvest in the area where Dole had most of its suppliers (Griffy-Brown, 2003). Network complexity risk refers to decision makers perceiving large networks as more uncertain since the involvement of more actors and more people implicitly includes more things which can go wrong (Craighead et al., 2007). This perception naturally becomes even stronger when the number and strength of identified critical nodes under supply chain processes risk is high. However, if a focal company is engaged in several sub-networks of supply and demand, this would moderate the perception of risk similar to the basic idea of diversification in modern portfolio theory. The reason is that the company can rest on several independent business pillars and prosper with the remaining pillars while the problem in the failing supply chain is sorted out. Field risk factors such as currency fluctuations, political or legal changes, environmental, and social risks are external to the supply chain network, and refer to the country or region where suppliers, or clusters of suppliers, are located (JÃÆ'Â ¼tner, Peck and Christopher, 2002). Climate changes, in particular in combination with population growth, should receive attention since such changes may alter and threaten the living conditions in large regions of the world with serious effects on both the supply side and demand side to companies (Gilland, 2002; Yea, 2004; Leroy, 2006). An undesirable side-effect of global trade is that supply chains have become significantly more vulnerable to both organized and unorganized crime. Although cargo thefts have not yet caused major supply chain disruptions, the extent of such crime is steadily increasing and should receive attention from a proactive risk management perspective particularly if shipment of critical components is part of the day-to-day operations (Caton, 2006; Barnett, 2007). Another type of crime is abduction of key personnel for ransom money. Kidnappings are mentally challenging to the abducted and the organizations they work for, and can strain organizational resources for a substantial amount of time after a kidnapping incident. In addition, if a decision to pay ransom money is made, the amount required could be financially problematic to smaller companies. This type of crime has generally been associated with Latin America; however, experts have anticipated that such kidnappings will spread to other parts of the world (O Hare, 1994). Although no scientific follow-up study has been identified

Funding for Pakistan and Culture Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Cul

Funding for Pakistan and Culture Emancipation from the bondage of soil is not freedom for the tree, Rabindranath Tagore, A Bengali poet from the early part of the Twentieth Century History The history of Pakistan as a country is a fairly short one. Pakistan was created and carved out of the country of India in 1947 when the 200-year-old Britain rule of India came to an end and a plan was made to return the continent back to local rule. There was a movement at the time led by the renowned poet Muhammad Iqbal and a prominent politician named Muhammad Ali Jinnah to create a country on the Indian Sub-continent that would be a nation for the Muslim people of the region. Pakistan was created out of the two predominantly Muslim regions in the north west and the east, creating East and West Pakistan. A war was fought in 1971 in which the eastern region split away from the western region, creating two separate nations, Bangladesh and Pakistan. As is often the case with citizens of a new country, there is a lot of national pride among Pakistanis. Most do not lose their language or deny what ethnicity they belong to as I have seen in some Mexican American groups. Some Pakistani people I have known who were born here and have never even been to Pakistan still have pride in customs, clothing, language and religion. Language Development The Indian Subcontinent is a region of provinces where the people of each province speak a local language and have customs different from all other provinces. When the British established rule over the entire continent, it became apparent that they could not unit the country unless there was a language everyone could speak in common. The story is that the British actually in... ...ural Literacy , Houghton Mifflin, 1993. Hirsch, E.D., Jr., Cultural Literacy, What Every American Needs to Know , Houghton Mifflin, 1987. â€Å"Immigrants and Their Educational Attainment: Some Facts and Findings,† Schwarz, Wendy, ERIC Digest ED#402398, Nov. 1996 â€Å"Language-Minority Student Achievement and Program Effectiveness†, Thomas, Dr. Wayne p. And Dr. Virginia Collier, NABE News Vol. 19, May 1, 1996 â€Å"Secondary Newcomer Programs: Helping Recent Immigrants Prepare for School Success†,Short, Deborah J., ERIC Database #ED419385, 1998. â€Å"Trends in K-12 Social Studies,† Risinger, C. Frederick, ERIC Digest #ED351278, Oct. 1992 â€Å"Two-Way Bilingual Education Programs in Practice: A National and Local Perspective†, ERIC Digest, ED379915, Dec. 1994 You have my permission to publish this paper on the Internet. Michele_Iqbal@fastinet.net

Commercialization of Organ Transplant

Ethics Committee Jacqueline Denies Curry Strayed University Business Ethics 309 Instructor Dry. Harvey Weiss Market Shortage of Organs The purpose for the centralization of organs for transplant is to make able to provide the availability of organs for patients/people who are in pain, and suffering, and destined to die from the terminal illness of organ failure. The number of patients in need of organs is growing, and the zero policy for organ donors does not show a sufficient response to the growing need of patients needing organs for the terminal illness of organ failure.Although the government does not condone the sale of human body organs there is evidence that financial incentives work, and would eliminate the organ market shortage. One financial incentive in suggestion, called the survivor benefits would help pay for the funeral costs, and give family donor recognition for being of service to fellow Americans (mm. ‘. Organ selling. Com. 2006). This may only appeal to fami lies that do not have a burial policy for their deceased, and it is why it is helpful in increasing the supply of cadavers organs while bearing financial assistance in funeral arrangements for their love ones.Against the Centralization of Organs The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 is a ban on the purchase or sale of human organs because it would affect interstate commerce (organelle. Com, 2006). The Senate report simply stated, â€Å"It is the sense of the Committee that individuals, and organizations should not profit by the sale of human organs for transplantation† (organelle. Com, 2006).Criminal activity has entered the organ market in other countries where there has been reports of kidnapping, and murder of children, and adults to harvest their organs for sale, and in India organ trafficking y clinicians, managers, and clinician centers, middle men, and even state officials are under investigation for criminal acts. This raises a concern for the loss of lives of inn ocent people being victimized for monetary gain, and raises a question of doubt in the legitimacy of where, how, and from who was the organ obtained.My Position of Debate The advancement of medicine, and biotechnology achievements has made it possible to greater the procedure in the medical treatment from the terminal illness of organ failure. The loss of human dignity is the major concern when putting a price n human body parts, because of the threat of devaluing the life of a human being. My position on the debate of the centralization of organs for transplant is that organs should not be sold. Respectively, when we go to the hospital for broken bones, and infectious insect or animal bites are Just as fatal if medical treatment is not administered in a timely manner.Medical treatment is based on a need base, and organs for transplant should remain on a need bases. The best suggestions made in my opinion is by Lloyd Cohen, Ph. D. , J. D. Who states, â€Å"The best way to increase the supply of transplant organs is by establishing a future Market in cadavers organs†, by a contractual agreement, like the one we have here in Texas by signing the donor opt on the back of driver's license or by approval from the family of a donor (organelle. Co, 2006), and also the suggestion made by Thomas G. Peters, M. D. Or the donation of an organ a financial incentive for burial expense that is called survivor benefits would help to increase the organ supply, while giving some financial relief to those who could not afford to purchase a burial plan for their loved en. While researching material for this assignment it has also been reported that a donor has donated three cadavers organs. My Moral Judgment with a Moral Argument I think that good will is the moral principle of an individual who has made the decision to donate a vital organ, and that it is a very personal, and private one.Also it should be made known to the family so that there is no misunderstanding about the procedure to remove a vital organ (s) after departure. Religious folk might be offended by thinking that the body is desecrated, but if informed before death embers of the family may be more likely to honor a donor's agreement. The experience in knowing that a part of yourself has given some one the hope to survive a terminal illness to live life to the fullest of expectations is a rewarding acknowledgement of one's own pure self-interest, and is what makes it a Justified one.The Kantian Normative Theory The Kantian Normative Theory best supports my conclusion. According to Kant goodwill is the unique human capacity to act from principle. The willingness to save a life after the finality of your own is right by weighing the ratio of good that the action would produce. The only consequence of the donor is that there is no longer a use for the organ (s) donated. The reasoning in wanting to help cure the illness of organ failure for goodness sake from the sense of duty is a true m oral worth.Women unable to bear children because of organ failure who later had a successful organ transplant were able to experience the Joy of child birth. The concern of medication dosage is under observation for abnormality of child birth has thus far been premature birth. The reasoning for wanting to help cure a terminal illness for goodness sake from the sense of duty is a true moral thought. Conclusion In my conclusion I would like to mention a course study from last quarter, and it was World Religions.I learned that in every religion one seeks individual perfection during the course of their life time, and that most people reach that perfection before their finality in death. Eighty-three percent of individuals in the world has an affiliation with one or more sacred, and holy religions, and seventeen percent with no religion at all, and that most sacred scriptures are edited to teach the continuance of holy, and sacred ways as it pertains to the changing time or era. In thos e sacred religions the one common duty is to better humanity.

Elderly Dehydration Essay example - 1523 Words

Most people don’t think about dehydration; let alone elderly dehydration. It is a common problem, in the aging, and often recognition along with treatment may be delayed; contributing to a high mortality rate. (Lavizzo-Mourey, 1987) By recognizing a potential problem early, you may save an older adult from a debilitating complication. (Hamilton, 2001) The prevention of elderly dehydration will deter illness and increases life expectancy, along with decreasing unnecessary hospitalization and cost. There are several causes to elderly dehydration, which can be broken down into four groups: physiological factors, psychological factors, functional impairments, and mechanical impairments. (Hamilton, 2001) The physiological factors are: natural†¦show more content†¦(Hamilton, 2001) If, these signs and symptoms go undetected, for a long period of time, they will result in chronic dehydration and cause several other medical issues. (Vasey, 2002) One of the results of chronic dehydration is fatigue or energy loss which resembles depression. (Vasey, 2002) Constipation is another result chronic dehydration, by removing too much excess liquid from stool making it hard to expel. (Vasey, 2002) Chronic dehydration also contributes to digestive disorders such as: poor digestion, gas, bloating, pain, nausea, ingestion, and loss of appetite. (Vasey, 2002) The average body produces 7 liters of digestive juices daily; but a dehydrated individual will secrete less, thereby causing improper digestion. (Vasey, 2002) Chronic dehydration causes high blood pressure due to low blood volume and the vessels sharply contracting. (Vasey, 2002) It can also cause low blood pressure in individuals, with weak vasoconstriction, who again, have a low blood volume. 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