The Rabies Virus Essay Example for Free

The Rabies Virus Essay 2.The rabies virus is in the family Rhabdoviridae in the Mononegavirale order of viruses. The rabies virus is usually bullet-shaped and is made of a long single-stranded spiral chain of RNA. The virus envelope is made of matrix protein and is studded with glycoproteins. 3.People usually contract rabies after they are bitten by an animal that has been infected with the rabies virus, though it has been shown that in rare cases rabies can infect people who just touch infected animals. The virus spreads from the site of the bite. The rabies virus attacks nerve cells in the body, because the immune system doesn’t check nerve cells as frequently as other cells. After a while, the rabies virus reaches the spinal, a large of complex of nerves leading to the brain. Once the virus is in the brain, it finds a nerve cell and uses its glycoproteins to attach to the membrane. The virus is then brought into the nerve cell by pinocytosis. After the virus enters the nerve cell, it usually moves through the cytoplasm and hijacks the free ribosomes. The virus instructs the ribosomes to produce copies of itself. The copies leave the brain and travel down through the nerves to the salivary glands, where the virus waits for the person to bite something else, so that the virus will again be transmitted. 4.Although the rabies virus can infect all warm-blooded mammals, it mostly affects raccoons, particularly on the East Coast. In the United States, cases of human rabies are increasingly rare, but some do occur. Living in a developing country increases your risk of getting rabies. People who work near animals are also more likely to get the virus. Finally, recent wounds to the head and neck are thought to increase the rate at which the rabies virus moves to the brain. 5.Symptoms of rabies include fever, headache, agitation, anxiety, confusion, difficulty swallowing water, excessive salivation (foaming at the mouth), hydrophobia due to the difficulty of swallowing water, hallucinations, insomnia, and partial paralysis. Symptoms of rabies often do not appear until many days after the bite. 6.If you have been vaccinated for the rabies virus, you are in no danger if an animal bites you. Even if you have not been vaccinated, if you are given the vaccine before the symptoms of rabies starts to appear, you will still be alright. However, once the symptoms start to appear, the patient usually dies, most often from respiratory failure. For this reason, rabies is very dangerous. 7.Once you have contracted rabies, you should rapidly be given a form of post-exposure vaccine. This vaccine consists of two parts, one being a dead form of the rabies virus and the other containing human rabies immune globlin, which fights the disease in the body until your own antibodies are produced. It is important to note that if you are showing serious symptoms of the disease (such as hallucinations and hypersalivation) this treatment will have no effect and you will most likely die.

Alternatives to the Death Penalty Essay -- Capital Punishment Justice

Alternatives to the Death Penalty Mead Shumway of Nebraska, was convicted of the first degree murder of his employer’s wife on circumstantial evidence and sentenced to death by jury. His last words before his execution were: â€Å"I am an innocent man. May God forgive everyone who said anything against me.† The next year, the victim’s husband confessed on his deathbed that he [the husband] had murdered his [own] wife (Radelet, Bedau, Putnam 347). There are an uncertain numerous amount of incidents similar to the one depicted above, that have repeatedly occurred throughout the course of history. Two highly distinguishable figures in the area of capital punishment in the United States, Hugo Bedau and Michael Radelet, discovered in 1992, at least 140 cases, since 1990, in which innocent persons were sentenced to death (Hook and Kahn 92). In Illinois alone, 12 death row inmates have been cleared and freed since 1987 (Execution Reconsidered). The most conclusive evidence in support of this â€Å"comes from the surprisingly large numbers of people whose convictions have been overturned and who have been freed from death† (Bedau 345). One out of every seven people sentenced to death row are innocent (Civiletti). That’s nearly 15%. The numbers are disturbing. Innocent people are becoming victims of the United States judicial system by its overlooked imperfections. A former president of the American Bar Association (ABA), John J. Curtin Jr., said it best when he told a congressional committee that â€Å"Whatever you think about the death penalty, a system that will take life must first give justice. Execute justice, not people.† Though some of the innocent death row inmates have managed to escape their execution, there are numerous others who are unable to overturn their sentence through appeals. Many cases of innocence go unheard and result in the unfortunate fatality of an innocent bystander. When the death penalty in 1972 was ruled unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia, the Justices expected that the â€Å"adoption of narrowly crafted sentencing procedures would protect against innocent persons being sentenced to death†. But the chances that innocent persons have been or will be executed remain astoundingly high (Bedua 344). The United States justice system was formed on the premise that it should protect society’s general well being from any harm. Processes and procedures... ...om). â€Å"Execution Reconsidered.† Economist. Jul 1999. Ebsco host. Cerritos College Norwalk, CA. 4 Nov 1999 (<a href="http://www.epnet.com">http://www.epnet.com). Gleitman, Henry. Psychology. 4th ed. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1995. Hook, Donald D. and Lothar Kahn. Death in the Balance: The Debate Over Capital Punishment. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1989. Mac Farlane, Theresa. International Organizations. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Montague, Philip. Punishment as Societal Defense. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers: 1995. Radelet, Michael L., Hugo Adam Bedau and Constance E. Putnam. In spite of Innocence. Pennsylvania: The Maple Press, 1992. Radin, Edward D. The Innocents. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1974. Stewart, David O. â€Å"Dealing With Death†. ABA Journal. Nov 1994: 50-53. United States Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin: Capital Punishment. 1995. Washington: OJP, 1996. Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations. 2nd ed., brief version. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994. Yanich, Danilo. â€Å"Making Movies Real: The Death Penalty and Local TV News.† Crime Law and Social Change. 26 (1997): 303-328.

Financial Planning Essay

A successful company has to have skilled workers in each level of the organization from top management to regular employees. A successful company must have good working relationship with suppliers and customers outside the organization as well. A successful company has to have enough funding to be able to execute the company’s plans and operations. Financial planning is a process that estimates the capital required and determining the company competition. It is important for a company to have financial policies in place for the organization to be successful. The objectives of financial planning are to figure out capital requirements because this will help determine cost of fixed and current assets. In the capital requirement process long and short term requirement has to be evaluated. A company must determine the capital structure of their organization, such as composition of capital and what capital needed for the business (Heer, 2012). In a business it is important to have a system in place to protect the lending and cash control situations. One of the positions that can help with financial planning is a financial manager, which is a manager that can make sure the resources of the company is being utilize to their best of the company ability. Financial planning is an important process that each company needs to use created objectives, implement policies and procedures. It is important to have adequate funds for the organization. Financial planning helps companies keep track of outflow and inflow of funds, which can create stability for the company (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2011). It is vital for the company to make sure the suppliers investments are put back into the company. Financial planning is a process that can continue to help the company grow and expansion at the rate necessary for the company success. There is a lot of uncertainty with companies’ financial abilities but with the proper financial planning the uncertainty can be avoided. A company’s financial plan is used to help make the day-to-day decision within the company operations (Vietz, n.d.). By using the right financial information can determine the health of the company financially. No matter  what company a person has it is important to have financial plan in place. A company must plan right because financial burden come up and the company needs to be in a position to have funds available for the burden. A company must have capital to survive in the business world. A business knowing the proper way to financially keep the company making profits is a crucial step in doing business. A business use financial planning to help determine when revenue is up for the period and when revenue is down for the period. This is an important process because this will help determine when to buy product or services and when not to buy. It is vital for the owner to take these low points of revenue into account because expenditures will need to be tight (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2011). If the company has poor cash management, the payroll can be affected. By having a financial plan in place will help keep financial stability for the company. A company can have a competitive advantage by being financially ready to purchase inventory at a reduced price. Financial planning helps long-term business decisions work through planning and time management. The planning process can maintain financial stability for the company growth and make sure the company is moving in the right direction (Murphy & Yetmar, 2010). It is vital for the company to implement a strong financial plan for the company’s future growth. Growth is an opportunity for the company to stay competitive in the markets and develop strong financial ideas. A business needs to compare actual results to quantifiable targets in order to be able to know if the financial plan is working for the company. An example of the financial plan working effectively would be the company gives the marketing department an increase in the advertising expense account, which leads to a large jump in sales (Vietz, n.d). This is financial planning at its best, working to improve the company’s profits. When the profits are growing then the business can continue to grow and develop. For some small businesses financial resources must be monitor and provided when needed because finance can be used quickly in small businesses.  Financial planning can help a business owner understand the different projects going on and how much funding is needed. Some projects will be more important than others. Many companies use financial planning to improve efficiency, productivity, and market increase (Heer, 2012). Financial planning is a process that every company needs to invest money and resources into. Conclusion A company is in business to make money. This is why financial planning has high value to many companies. Financial planning is a guide to help make day-to-day decisions for the company. Financial planning has help with cash management through knowing the short and over of cash transactions. Short and long terms decision has to be made for a company to have success. Financial planning has help spot trends within the business operations. The owners knowing the right expenditures the company is pursuing can help operations stay growing. By having the right financial planning system in place will develop the company into a success. References Ehrhardt, M. C., & Brigham, E. F. (2011). Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach. South- Western Cengage Learing. Heer, R. (2012). How agile is your planning? Find out by measuring the ROI of your planning Software. Strategic Finance, 45. Murphy, D.S., Yetmar, S. (2010). Personal financing attitudes. Management Research Review, 33, (8). 811-817. Vietz, O. (n.d.). Financial Forecasting Tools. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com /financial-forecasting-tools-4583.html

Examples of Great Introductory Paragraphs

Examples of Great Introductory Paragraphs An  introductory paragraph, as the opening of a conventional essay,  composition, or  report, is designed to grab peoples  attention. It informs readers about the topic and why they should care about it, but also adds enough intrigue to get them to continue to read. In short, the opening  paragraph  is your chance to make a great first impression. Writing a Good Introductory Paragraph The primary purpose of an introductory paragraph is to pique the interest of your reader and identify the topic and purpose of the essay. It often ends with a thesis statement. You can  engage your readers right from the start  through a number of tried and true ways. Posing a question, defining the key term, giving a brief anecdote, using a playful joke or emotional appeal, or pulling out an interesting fact are just a few approaches you can take. Use imagery, details, and sensory information to connect with the reader if you can.  The key is to add intrigue along with just enough information so your readers want to  find out more.   One way to do this is to come up with a brilliant opening line. Even the most mundane topics have aspects  interesting enough to write about; otherwise, you wouldnt be writing about them, right? When you begin writing a new piece, think about what your readers want or need to know. Use your knowledge of the topic to craft an opening line that will satisfy that need. You  dont want to fall into the trap of what writers call chasers  that bore your readers (such as The dictionary defines....).  The  introduction should make sense and hook the reader right from the start. Make your introductory paragraph brief. Typically, just three or four sentences are enough to set the stage for both long and short essays. You can go into supporting information in the body of your essay, so dont tell the audience  everything all at once. Should You Write the Intro First? Keep in mind that you can always adjust your introductory paragraph later. Sometimes you just have to start writing. You can start at the beginning or dive right into the heart of your essay. Your first draft may not have the best opening, but as you continue to write, new ideas will come to you and your thoughts will develop a clearer focus. Take note of these and, as you work through revisions, refine and edit your opening.   If youre struggling with the opening, follow the lead of other writers and skip it for the moment. Many writers begin with the body and conclusion and come back to the introduction later. Its a useful, time-efficient approach if you find yourself stuck in those first few words. Start where its easiest to start. You can always go back to the beginning or rearrange later, especially if you have an outline completed or general framework informally mapped out. If you dont have an outline, even just starting to sketch one can help organize your thoughts and prime the pump as it were. Successful Introductory Paragraphs You can read all the advice you want about writing a compelling opening, but its often easier to learn by example. Lets see how some writers approached their essays and analyze why they work so well. As a lifelong crabber (that is, one who catches crabs, not a chronic complainer), I can tell you that anyone who has patience and a great love for the river is qualified to join the ranks of crabbers. However, if you want your first crabbing experience to be a successful one, you must come prepared.(Mary Zeigler, How to Catch River Crabs) What did Mary do in her introduction? First of all, she wrote in a little joke, but it serves a dual purpose. Not only does it set the stage for her slightly more humorous approach to crabbing, but it also clarifies what type of crabber shes writing about. This is important if your subject has more than one meaning. The other thing that makes this a successful introduction is the fact that Mary leaves us wondering. What do we have to be prepared for? Will the crabs jump up and latch onto you? Is it a messy job? What tools and gear do I need? She leaves us with questions, and that draws us in because now we want answers. Working part-time as a cashier at the Piggly Wiggly has given me a great opportunity to observe human behavior. Sometimes I think of the shoppers as white rats in a lab experiment, and the aisles as a maze designed by a psychologist. Most of the rats- customers, I mean- follow a routine pattern, strolling up and down the aisles, checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit hatch. But not everyone is so dependable. My research has revealed three distinct types of abnormal customer: the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler.(Shopping at the Pig) This revised classification essay begins by painting a picture of an ordinary scenario, the grocery store. But when used as an opportunity to observe human nature, as this writer does, it turns from ordinary to fascinating. Who is the  amnesiac? Would I be classified as the  dawdler  by this cashier? The descriptive language and the analogy to rats in a maze add to the intrigue, and  readers are left wanting more. For this reason, even though its lengthy, this is an effective opening. In March 2006, I found myself, at 38, divorced, no kids, no home, and alone in a tiny rowing boat in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. I hadn’t eaten a hot meal in two months. I’d had no human contact for weeks because my satellite phone had stopped working. All four of my oars were broken, patched up with duct tape and splints. I had tendinitis in my shoulders and saltwater sores on my backside.I couldn’t have been happier....(Roz Savage, My Transoceanic Midlife Crisis.  Newsweek, March 20, 2011) Here we have an example of reversing expectations. The introductory paragraph is filled with doom and gloom. We feel sorry for the writer but are left wondering whether the article will be a classic sob story. It is in the second paragraph where we find out that its quite the opposite. Those first few words of the second paragraph- which a reader cannot help but skim- surprise us and thus draw us in. How can the narrator be happy after all that sorrow? This reversal compels us to find out what happened. Most people have had streaks where nothing seems to go right. Yet, it is the possibility of a turn of fortunes that compels us to keep going. This writer appealed to our emotions and a sense of shared experience to craft an effective read.

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne The Magic Tree House series by Mary Pope Osborne has been popular since the first MTH book for young independent readers, Dinosaurs Before Dark, was published in 1992. By August 2012, there were 48 books in the series for independent readers, 6 to 10 or 11 years old, as well as 26 companion research guides (Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction books) for some of the books in the series. The Adventures of Jack and Annie All of the books in the series center around the time travel adventures of brother and sister Jack and Annie, who live in Frog Creek, Pennsylvania. The two discover a magic tree house in the woods by their house. In books #1 to 28, Jack is 8 years old and Annie is a year younger. Thanks to the book-filled magic tree house whose books have magical properties and whose owner, magical librarian Morgan le Fay provides them with exciting missions, the two have many exciting adventures. Each book focuses on a subject and story designed to pique the interest of young independent readers. The subjects and time periods vary widely, which means that there will most likely be some, or many, of particular interest to your child. The Basics Magic Tree House books #1 to 28 are generally between 65 and 75 pages long and target children 6 to 9. The reading levels are mostly between 2.0 and 2.4. The books are divided into brief chapters, each of which has one or more intriguing illustrations by Sal Murdocca, the illustrator for all of the MTH books. Teachers and parents looking for specific information about a variety of reading level measures for the books, as well as curriculum connections and lessons plans, will find Mary Pope Osbornes Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program site a valuable resource. Your children will enjoy the games, activities and fun, all related to books in the series and the subjects they cover, at the Random House Magic Tree House site. While you may want to have your child start with the first book in the series, which introduces Jack and Annie and enables your child to experience time travel via the Magic Tree House for the first time right along with Jack and Annie, its not necessary to read the books in a particular order. A prologue at the beginning of each book provides the necessary background information. However, to provide incentive for kids to keep reading, there is an overarching mission for each four books, but it is still not necessary to read even each of those books in a particular order. To give you an idea of a mission, in books #9 to 12, Jack and Annie have to solve four ancient riddles, one in each of the books, but since each of the books can be read independently, it will be up to young readers (or their teachers) to decide whether or not to read the books in groups of four. The books are available in paperback, library binding, and as audiobooks and eBooks. A full set of books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree series is also available in paperback. Individual books are also available, as are books in sets of four. Benefits of a Good Series for Young Independent Readers In order for children to learn to be fluent readers, with good comprehension skills, they need to read a lot. When children are relatively new readers, they need to concentrate on decoding each word and comprehending what they are reading without a lot of distractions. It helps if they can find a series they like at a reading level they can comfortably read. Why? Every time they start a new book in the series, they dont have to get used to new main characters, a new story format, a different style of writing or anything else that would distract them from just enjoying the story. Its this enjoyment that will bring them back for more and more stories, which will help them become fluent readers. It also helps a lot to talk about the books with your children. Ask them to tell you about Jack and Annies latest adventure, what it was all about, and what they learned. For kids who prefer nonfiction or who want to know more about the subject of the Magic Tree House book they just read, see if there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction companion research guide. Book List of Books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree House Series Note that a CNB (for companion nonfiction book) at the end of each book listing means that there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker for that book. Dinosaurs Before Dark, Magic Tree House, Book #1 - CNBThe Knight at Dawn, Magic Tree House, Book Book #2 - CNBMummies in the Morning, Magic Tree House, Book Book #3 - CNBPirates past Noon, Magic Tree House, Book Book #4 - CNBNight of the Ninjas, Magic Tree House, Book #5Afternoon on the Amazon, Magic Tree House, Book #6 - CNBSunset of the Sabertooth, Magic Tree House, Book #7 - CNBMidnight on the Moon, Magic Tree House, Book #8 - CNBDolphins at Daybreak, Magic Tree House, Book #9 - CNBGhost Town at Sundown, Magic Tree House, Book #10Lions at Lunchtime, Magic Tree House, Book #11Polar Bears Past Bedtime, Magic Tree House, Book #12 - CNBVacation Under The Volcano, Magic Tree House, Book #13 - CNBDay of the Dragon King, Magic Tree House, Book #14Viking Ships at Sunrise, Magic Tree House, Book #15Hour of the Olympics, Magic Tree House, Book #16 - CNBTonight on the Titanic, Magic Tree House, Book #17 - CNBBuffalo Before Breakfast, Magic Tree House, Book #18Tigers at Twilight, Magic Tree H ouse, Book #19 Dingoes at Dinnertime, Magic Tree House, Book #20Civil War on Sunday, Magic Tree House, Book #21Revolutionary War on Wednesday, Magic Tree House, Book #22 - CNBTwister on Tuesday, Magic Tree House, Book #23 - CNBEarthquake in the Early Morning, Magic Tree House, Book #24Stage Fright on a Summer Night, Magic Tree House, Book #25Good Morning, Gorillas, Magic Tree House, Book #26Thanksgiving on Thursday, Magic Tree House Book #27 - CNBHigh Tide in Hawaii, Magic Tree House, Book #28 - CNB

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy - a Remedy for Chronic Stuttering Coursework

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy - a Remedy for Chronic Stuttering - Coursework Example Ahmed, a 13-year old student and the focus of my case, suffers from chronic stuttering due to untreated social fear. He shows difficulty in speaking whenever he is in front of other people; particularly those whom he knows have authority over him. Hence, the objective of this reflective paper is to narrate and discuss the essential practice issues and challenges that are involved in my social work experience with Ahmed. First, the essay will explain my rationale for choosing the cognitive-behavioral theory as a model for the treatment of chronic stuttering. Second, I will narrate the challenges of social work in Saudi Arabia, particularly with regard to working with women and families. And lastly, I will reflect on my own strengths and weaknesses as a social worker based on my experience with Ahmed. In principles, in cognitive-behavioral therapies, the manner and content of patients’ speech should manifest reforms in the cognitive processing of their core problem (Bothe 2004). Stein, Baird, and Walker (1996) propose that individuals who have social anxiety and stutter would gain from cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) sessions for social phobia. They described subjective substantiation of this in three subjects within their group who allegedly the encountered declines in avoidance, social phobia, and general disability throughout a 3-month CBT program (Stein et al. 1996). Moreover, a statement of a speech restructuring treatment course subjectively revealed the favorable outcomes of employing CBT processes along with speech restructuring therapy. Blood (1995 as cited in Onslow, Packman, Block, Menzies, O'Brien, & St. Clare 2008) merged a computer-assisted biofeedback system for easing stuttering with a relapse management course founded on the self-efficacy model of Bandura, CBT, and the relapse prevention model of Donovan and Marlatt (1980 as cited in Onslow et al. 2008). The relapse package of Blood (1995 as cited in Onslow et al. 2008) is composed of the following parts: ‘(a) problem solving, (b) cognitive restructuring/reframing, and (c) nondirective supportive counseling’ (p. 3) Four male individuals participated in the experiment, with a ‘multiple-baseline, across subjects’ (Onslow et al. 2008: 3) framework. All four subjects exhibited substantial and steady drops in stuttering throughout the trial, and these improvements were sustained at one-year follow-up. Inopportunely, the study’s design does not permit identification of the relative inputs of the psychological therapy and speech res tructuring course. No participants were given either a therapy module individually.

SUPPLY CHAIN PROCUREMENT IN THE US ARMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SUPPLY CHAIN PROCUREMENT IN THE US ARMY - Essay Example ng, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Process, which is vested with proper planning of the supply system, program investigation, and implementation, and resource budgeting. This is the arm that is responsible for identifying the need for resources. The second division of the department of defense is the joint chief of staff integration that is vested with the responsibility of identifying gaps in the supply system and coming up with ways of filling those gaps. The last arm is the defense acquisition system which is vested with the procurement process of weapons and other resources that may be needed by the military. The military supply chain management of the DoD is composed of 7 components, which are suppliers, procurement, manufacturing, order management, transportation, warehousing and customers (soldiers). The success factors of the army are customer needs, information need, environmental concerns, deployment, mission, and interoperation. The primary aim in the military supply chain is to acquire the best machinery for combat, and at the same time working within the budgetary allocations. The process of the supply chain procurement of the army starts with the acquisition from supplier, then on the process, which can be warehousing or transportation and finally on the order management after order from the soldier (customer). The supply chain for the army may have a problem in implementing a customer-centric and process-centric supply chain in that the supply chain is very rigid and dependent on the regulations of army procurement (Weisgerber, 2014). There is no single step procurement process the way it is in the corporate and this means the procurement can also be long. The strategy of the US army is something that is subject to confidentiality because it touches on the security of the state. The suppliers are normally outsiders and are not privy to the confidential information, although they sign confidentiality agreements. It is, therefore, hard to align the